![]() ![]() (7) Increasing further the nitrogen content allows for creating a wide range of carbon- and nitrogen-based organic frameworks with tunable properties, of great interest for a wide range of applications, such as electrochemical energy storage and photoelectrocatalysis. (4−6) With appropriate nitrogen insertion in the carbon structure, the electron density at the Fermi level can be increased, the valence band lowered (more positive with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode), so the material becomes more stable upon oxidation. (2,3) Nitrogen doping seems to be remarkably simple and was proven to increase electrical conductivity by modification of the electronic structure. Among others, graphene, graphite, porous carbon, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes were modified by substituting carbon with other nonmetallic elements such as boron, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, and many reports also describe codoping. Substitutional doping with heteroatoms into various carbon materials to replace carbon positions has been reported to even expand the property space. ![]()
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